An officer was referred to as "platoon commander" while a WO III in the same position was called a "Platoon Sergeant Major" or PSM. Mjk4MGFjZTkxMzlhMWZlM2VhODM4NmU1MDA4MTljNWNjMDFlN2JkYTQ2NGE5 English Language & Usage Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for linguists, etymologists, and serious English language enthusiasts. Way back in the evolution of English as a language, the letters 'V' and 'U' were basically the same. Why does Gary Soto's work seem autobiographical? Photos on http://www.mightygwyn.eu. Royal Navy Pay Scales 2021 - 2022 - Armed Forces - RN Officers Pay - Armed Forces Pay Review Body -Forty Eighth Report 48th 2021 Rates - Other Ranks Pay Rates - Royal Naval 2021 Pay Review - How much do Royal Navy get paid, Royal Marines Pay Scales 2022 - 2023 . Is it like saying "Leftenant" without the f, or saying "le tenant"? in view of the rare OF. Commonwealth and Non-British applicants The Royal Navy have removed the 5 year UK residency requirement for select roles. of 1893 in Func's standard Dictionary says that (lef'tenent) is in the U.S. 'almost confined to the retired list of the navy'. (So immediately would be i'mi:djtli). Featured roles How many nieces and nephew luther vandross have? Add ${headword} to one of your lists below, or create a new one. They also changed German Shephard dog to Alsatian. There is a rarely used word, lief, which I see in old books in phrases like "I'd as lief jump off this wall as " and I think it is another spelling and pronunciation of lieu. This is 2013. A ROYAL Navy officer has been caught shooting X-rated films with her seaman lover at a top secret nuclear base. var mydate=new Date()
Royal Warwickshire Regiment who died 12/03/1918 ST. NWRkNGM5MGIzMzEwZDg1MzAzZGJlZWY5NmI3M2ExYzYyNzMxZWVjZjhlNzky Arthur Giles Blake (12 September 1917 - 29 October 1940) was a British flying ace of the Royal Navy (RN) during the Second World War.He was credited with five aerial victories. dailyinfo[18]=' 6422 Private Charlie GILBERT 4th Coy. I like the guy's answer who referred to vowel shift -- English really had its most fundamemtal changes via the Celts (who were likely influenced by Phoenician sailors/explorers); see John McWhorter's "Our Magnificent Bastard Tongue". Appalachian accents are much twangier, but some have posited that Elizabethan English sounded a lot like Appalachian speak. I like all different accents from any country - it's interesting to me. Expect to have to 'fill in the blanks', choose the 'odd one out' or find the relationship between the given words and phrases. But it seems less likely. Pride which they soon recovered during the Napoleonic conflict. Lieut. English is called English because it evolved from England - that's about as far as we can go with nationalist claims to the language. . forms luf-, lufftenand above) it seems likely that the labial glide at the end of OF. I'm still not sure how on earth to pronounce it . [89], The var month=mydate.getMonth()+1
'Lieutenant' comes from French lieu ('place') and tenant ('holding'). There are so many opinions that contradict each other. 55th and 57th Divisions
The British at the time were far more concerned with a dude named Napoleon than they were with us. The 'Leftenant' pronunciation appears to stem from Middle French which both had very different pronunciations to Modern French (like English) and the French-speaking elite in England definitely spoke very differently to those in France - we know this was a source of some mockery in the Middle Ages. lieutenant /lftnnt/ (say lef'tenuhnt) as the primary pronunciaton, although/lutnnt/ (say looh'tenuhnt), and Navy /ltnnt/ (say luh'tenuhnt) are alternatives. ('v' naturally becomes a voiceless 'f' in assimilation to the following 't' in many languages.). In most navies, the rank's insignia may consist of two medium gold braid stripes, the uppermost stripe featuring an executive curl in many Commonwealth of Nations; or three stripes of equal or unequal width. Language changes are speeding up as global communication smooths out the differences. He must be a right-winger trying to create a false historical reality. if (year < 1000) year+=1900
Regional accents will always create some anomalies but those cases where there is an obvious sense in pronouncing as spelt - such as lieutenant - will disappear. var fontstart = ''
We stung the pride of the Royal Navy more than anything. You might want to rule the world from Washington - but it's still English. dailyinfo[8]=' 13277 Labourer Klaas NERO South African Native Labour Corps who died 08/03/1917 PUGU ROAD 1914-1918 MEMORIAL Tanzania '
MTc1ZTU0OWMwZGM0ODA5OTc4OWQzYmQ1NmVjZGIzOWZhZjEyYWQwYzFiNGVh While it will always remain a mystery, I think that this goes back to the OF pronunciation of "lieu" to sound like "lyeuch". It's English - our language. This courtesy developed when swords were still used on the battle field. With 9 minutes and 30 questions this section measures your ability to interpret and understand words and language. dailyinfo[14]=' 16511 Private Albert COLEMAN "D" Coy. Northamptonshire Regiment who died 14/03/1915 LE TOURET MEMORIAL France '
Prince William holds the rank of Captain in the Blues and Royals, Lieutenant in the. ZmY3ZmYxNjI0ZDBlOTM3ODNiY2UyMmZkNzRjODgzNjZiMDY4YTc5MDE1MDY1 What am I doing wrong here in the PlotLegends specification? I came here looking for an answer. The first lieutenant (1st Lt or 1LT) in the Royal Navy and other Commonwealth navies, is a post or appointment, rather than a rank. Just three things :-1/ In the Royal Navy it is prunounced Lootenant. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? The Royal Navy in World War 2 was a huge and complex organisation spread all across the world. Is it like . Shayn M. Maybe that was just RAF folks being corrupted by USAF folks while here in the states, I dunno. How to notate a grace note at the start of a bar with lilypond. ivanti servicenow integration. How To Spell "Lieutenant" Lieutenant (commissioned officer in the armed forces, police, or other organization) is also derived from French. Reason for different pronunciations of "lieutenant", We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup, Deciphering two words from their Archaic spellings. /l(j)evtnnt/ (hypercorrection) Assimilation /l(j)eftnnt/. document.write;
Wikitionary claims that leftenant is an archaic spelling of lieutenant. Have some class. What can a lawyer do if the client wants him to be acquitted of everything despite serious evidence? Nothing like a bunch of egos giving their opinions Where's that "Hot for Words" Russian sweetheart when you need her ??? The insignia of an additional half-stripe between the two full stripes of a lieutenant . How Language is spoken and how it is written is constantly evolving. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. RAILWAYS, MALT WHISKY, REAL ALE AND WORLD BEERS, RUM, Upcoming changes to logging in - click here, GWF is free to use so please support the Forum. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. The idea that the change in pronunciation is due to nationalist jingoism is somewhat misguided - as it was more of a way for the educated upper class to distance themselves from the uneducated poor, but the fact that they sounded "posher" than their colonial cousins (with whom they had just engaged in TWO bloody wars) definitely served to sweeten the pot. So it's clear variants of both were in use in England in the 14th century. and Gen. Hos. The Great War Forum Limited This estimate is based upon 17 Royal Navy Lieutenant salary report (s) provided by employees or estimated based upon statistical methods. Development in operations and logistics. What is the purpose of this D-shaped ring at the base of the tongue on my hiking boots? How is lieutenant pronounced in the Royal Navy? During the early days of the naval rank, some lieutenants could be very junior indeed, while others could be on the cusp of promotion to captain; those lieutenants ranged across present-day army ranks from a second lieutenant through to a lieutenant colonel. The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. Share; Posted 8 March , 2012 . Of means to show ownership. About time y'all brushed up on your Spanish!! In British slang, of which there is a great deal, the word loo refers to a toilet. There are differences in the way it is spelt and spoken but ultimately isn't it great that so many people can share a common language and so be able to develop a common understanding. MjhjYjNlYjk1YjUwNTA3MGEwNGZmYWFhYjk2Yzg4MzE3OThiNjkyZjg2ZWZj The reason why people from the commonwealth say "lef-tenant" can probably be attributed to the U being misread as a V during the middle ages, which in turn developed into and F sound. OWUyNjU2OTQ5NGYyZmYwOGZmZDYyNTQyNGM3NzViYmQyNjJjMWMwZjBhZTk2 Are you considering the U.S. Navy as enlisted or as an officer? Lieutenants serve as Division Officers aboard Navy ships, and command groups of sailors and petty officers in various divisions including the deck department, engineering, and others. In the US Navy, roles include lieutenant junior grade (LT JG . Perhaps (too) much French influence on the fledgling USN in the Napoleonic Wars. air force bases in california during wwii. cecl for dummies; can you transfer doordash credits to another account; lieutenant pronunciation royal navy; June 22, 2022 . else { document.write(fontstart+"No major events today"+fontend); }
The 1970 printing of the fifth (1969) edition of the Pocket Oxford Dictionary says 'let' in the navy, 'loo' in the USA and 'left' otherwise. Worcestershire Regiment who died 23/02/1915 LOKER CHURCHYARD Belgium '
N2IzYjQ4ODUyMzYzYWZjMWQ0Y2M5YzI4MjI0YjUyNmYyMTBmMmQyOWZlNDFj The word was still pronounced loo. var daym=mydate.getDate()
The U.S. Army, Air Force, and Marines have second lieutenants (2nd Lt.) and first lieutenants (1st Lt.). The French have said lieu at least back to the Middle Ages. No, "lief" is a different word, akin to "love" (German "Lieb"). Pronunciation of "Lieutenant" . Check out Dr. Berg's Electrolyte Powder Here: https://drbrg.co/3xbvH0A The language continues to evolve rapidly, now including not only other languages but also computer words as well. Should I put my dog down to help the homeless? Why are there 3 different ways to pronounce "oo"? How To Pronounce Lieutenant (Royal Navy) How To Pronounce Lieutenant (Senior Grade) How To Pronounce Lieutenant (Star Trek) How To Pronounce Lieutenant (U.S. Navy) How To Pronounce Lieutenant (U.S.) How To Pronounce Lieutenant (United States) How To Pronounce Lieutenant (United States) (disambiguation) How To Pronounce Lieutenant (US Navy) Applications of mathematics to warfare
The word appeared in English as "lieutenant", and an alternative "leftenant" was made to stick to the pronunciation. The RAAF pronunciation doesn't make a lot of sense, as the rank Flight Lieutenant is modelled off the Navy rank of Lieutenant and is senior to an Army Lieutenant. I have some 18th Century New England ancestors who were named "Zerviah, although much of the time the name shows up as "Zeruiah" (which is virtually impossible to pronounce). I would have thought that the RN would have used the Lieu (loo) style in the Great War if not earlier as I cannot see senior officers changing their grammar. English is a wonderful language with elastic properties and influences from Nordic, Germanic and Arabic languages, Latin and Greek (among others) which allow for great expression of things technical, poetic, spiritual and esoteric. ZTk3YzRlZTJjMjg2NmYzMmIyZTE5NTQ3Mzc1NjA1YTMwNGE3ZmNhZTg1ZDdi [1] The rank of Engineer Lieutenant-Commander replaced Engineer Lieutenant (Senior List) in 1914. Before the English Restoration, lieutenants were appointed by their captains, and this inevitably led to abuses and to the widespread appointment of men of insufficient qualification. The lower ranked soldier on the "left" protected the senior officers left side. To qualify an officer to receive a Lieutenant's Commission he must have attained the full age of 19 years, and have been borne on the Books of, and actually served in, one or more of Her Majesty's Ships not less than five complete years, eighteen months as a Cadet and three years and six months as a Midshipman, and shall have passed such Royal Engineers who died 31/01/1919 COLOGNE SOUTHERN CEMETERY Germany '
Personally, I like the Latin u/v explanation. Commissioned officer rank in many nations' navies, For general information on the rank of lieutenant, including army and air force use, see, United States Public Health Service (USPHS) Commissioned Corps, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, "Officer Ranks in the Royal Navy - Lieutenant", "Royal Navy Life | Shaping Your Career Progression", "BR3, Chapter 50 - Royal Navy Promotions", "Uniforms and Badges of Rank - Royal Navy website", "Tonga Defence Services (Amendment) Regulations 2009", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lieutenant_(navy)&oldid=1142680462, Military ranks of the United States Coast Guard, Articles containing Malay (macrolanguage)-language text, Instances of Lang-ur using second unnamed parameter, Articles containing Bislama-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 20:25. P.S. NWEzNjA5OGIwZDA4MDk1MzliMTE3N2YwNjNjZDVhYjM5MTBmNjljNzQ3Y2Zm This was confirmed to me by Admiral (Rtd) Rufus Mckenzie during a drink in his home, also confirmed by his Lieutenant on HMS/m THRASHER Reggie Fitzgerald. -----BEGIN REPORT----- keeping). 'hafta' from have to). No one really knows why, it's just one of those things that happens with military tradition. This would suggest that the word was originally French, and the leftenant pronunciation is down to some poor transliteration during the middle ages. Lieutenant RAF? The Royal Navy Shop is brought to you in association with Pussers Rum. Many navies also use a subordinate rank of sub-lieutenant. Lieutenant Commander's may be Executive Officers and also they may find themselves Commanding Officers of some of the Royal Navy's smaller units. Oh dear Bryan, don't you mean 'off'. [TMP] "Leftenant or Lootenant?" Topic . Kings Royal Rifle Corps who died 02/03/1915 YPRES (MENIN GATE) MEMORIAL Belgium '
Apply for a career in The Royal Canadian Navy Apply Now !- perish the thought ?? I assume they do not want to give the impression that a leftenant is a resident of a toilet as in loo-tenant. The starting salary of a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy is 42,850 per year. lieutenant pronunciation royal navy Personally, I think that regardless of the tradition, the simple lack of a letter F should mean that you don't pronounce it "left-tenant". Forum discussions with the word (s) "lieutenant" in the title: The OED has several early occurrences spelt with an f including the earliest, 1387, "leeftenaunt".http://oed.com/public/contactus/contact-us. lieutenant pronunciation royal navy dailyinfo[17]=' PLY/3566 Private Samuel ROBINSON H.M.S. As for the Rhotic accents (i.e. Royal Indian Navy rating (may be found spelt Tendal) Topass. How to pronounce " Lieutenant " in English -Authentic British accent Howtopronounceit 1.73K subscribers Subscribe 32 Share 11K views 4 years ago Have you just come across an English word that is. I can see how the v became [f] (see 'assimilation') so it sounds plausible to me. Royal Navy who died 15/03/1917 CHATHAM NAVAL MEMORIAL United Kingdom '
To say that the British English don't speak true English is just pure ignorance. NGEyNDg1YjNkOGQ1YmM4ZmMxZjJjMjIzOTg0OGIwYTFhMWQ2ZTBjNWQ4Y2Ux Historically, the lieutenants in a ship were ranked in accordance with seniority, with the most senior being termed the first lieutenant and acting as the second-in-command. If the Lieutenant was killed, the Left Tenant took the sword and became the Lieutenant. [2] Medical Branch different parts of the English speaking world. There Rawdon was met by Lieutenant-Colonel Stewart, who had come up from Charleston with an Irish regiment. In the 1700s an American English dictionary was written by a man named Noah Webster. and a "lieutenant in command" or "lieutenant and commander" in the Royal Navy. (English pronunciations of lieutenant from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus and from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary, both sources Cambridge University Press) What is the definition of lieutenant? I encourage you to visit the. The United States Coast Guard follows the same policy regarding promotion to lieutenant. In American English it is pronouced "lootenant". Left vs lieu. Free shipping for many products! After the American Revolution, in order to differentiate themselves and pretend to be of higher class, the British began incorrectly pronouncing their R's. Hunza Guides is Pakistan's top mountain destination management company offering full board tours, trekking and expeditions services in Pakistan. The only deviations you will find are regional accents, which I'm sure you'll also find in the American English language. Colonel and Lieutenant Colonel Colonels and Lieutenant Colonels owe their titles to the Sixteenth Century Spanish King Ferdinand. var day=mydate.getDay()
Browse lien lienee lienor lieu lieutenant lieutenant governor life life assurance life coach Captain . It is possible that when the English heard the French pronounce the compound word lieutenant, they perceived a slurring which they heard as a "v" or "f" sound between the first and second syllables. Seems Ben was right on the Revolutionary War beint the dividing point of British and American pronunciation, but IMO, it's pronounced with the F or V sound because of the U/V being interchangable during that time. But it seems the answer is not known by the best scholars Oxford can produce. . Looking in a dictionary published at the time of or very close to the Great War would give authoritative evidence of how it was pronounced at that time. In minor war vessels, destroyers and frigates, the first lieutenant (either a lieutenant or lieutenant commander) is second in command, executive officer (XO) and head of the executive branch; in larger ships, where a commander of the warfare specialisation is appointed as the executive officer, a first lieutenant (normally a lieutenant commander) is appointed as his deputy. I'm still not sure how on earth to pronounce it (even though I've had that "American Speech" article I quoted from for five years now). Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LieutenantLearn how to say wine words in English, French, Spanish, German, Italian, and many other languages with Julien Miquel and his pronunciation tutorials! Fast Forward to `Tot Commiseration Day', bloody Americans, (curse them & their DRY SHIPS which was a fore-runner), they were revolting in 1776 - and have remained so ever since !! Highland Light Infantry who died 19/03/1915 LE TOURET MEMORIAL France '
After the Battle of France, Blake was seconded to the Royal Air Force's Fighter Command due to a shortage . NWYzOGFlOTdjNTMwMmRjOGMwMDU3ZDE3ZjZiYjFjZjEyZWY3YmNjM2I4ZGYy Captain It is possible that Middle English speakers may have heard the final (w) of this word [] as a (v) or (f) []. The first syllable is pronounced similarly to that of the French word "le," and then tennant. I replied, Im sorry madam but weve run out of cabbage today, would you like a cauliflower? The lady huffed and puffed and said But I want a savoy cabbage. Colour has a u to credit the path via the French; true, the original Latin did not have a u, but we didn't get it directly from Rome -- we got it from France! Commander Lieutenant(Antigua and Barbuda Coast Guard)[6], Lieutenant(Royal Bahamas Defence Force)[8], Lieutenant(French: Lieutenant de vaisseau)(Royal Canadian Navy)[11], Lieutenant(Liberian National Coast Guard)[15], Lieutenant(Urdu: , romanized:Leftinent)(Pakistan Navy)[20], Lieutenant(Papua New Guinea Maritime Element), Lieutenant(Saint Kitts and Nevis Coast Guard), Lieutenant(Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard)[24], Lieutenant(United States Coast Guard)[26], Lieutenant(Bislama: Lietnen)(Vanuatu Maritime Wing). In the United States, contingent on the type of uniform worn, U.S. Navy, U.S. Coast Guard, USPHS Commissioned Corps, and NOAA Corps lieutenants also wear pin-on metal collar, shoulder, or headgear insignia, or cloth shoulder, collar, tabbed, or headgear insignia identical to that of a United States Marine Corps captain and similar to that of a United States Army, United States Air Force, or United States Space Force captain. The word is pronounced L'TENANT in the Royal Navy, LEFTENANT in the Army https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/12171/reason-for-different-pronunciations-of-lieutenant I defer to your right to say it anyway you please. With that said, my best assumption would be the translation from French is the most likely reason for the difference in pronunciations. Author has 1.9K answers and 1.2M answer views 3 y Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. He purposely spelt words differently in a bid to separate the newly independent Americans from the English. 01.12.1952-(05.1953) HMS Orion (submarine) (07.1954) no appointment listed: 21.09.1954 : RN Torpedo Depot Antrim . I think this will all be academic soon as widespread familiarisation with American English via movies and TV is evolving English usage in many ways. I typed in Covey-Crump and got a wiki entry, which directed me to an archived page click here which gives C-C's answer to the question: L'tenant it is, he says. ~~~
Lieutenant salaries at Royal Navy can range from 44,510 - 55,095 per year. Why do Brits say bloody? What are the Physical devices used to construct memories? As Greene had gone into summer-quarters apparently, and the American partisans were just then quiet, his lordship left all his forces in charge of Stewart, went down to Charleston, and embarked for Europe to seek the restoration of his . MzQyMzNiMTQ2MDU0MGY2YTM5MjUzMmExNThjMTRhYzM0ZGRmYmU2ZGM1OGRj One of his wounds was a stab in the mouth which partially mangled his tongue, when he arrived at camp the next day he went to the colonels office and the Colonel asked him his name, because of his wound he pronounced it 'leftenant' and because of the relation to his name 'lefting' his pronunciation of 'leutenant' and the fact that he was left on the battlefield, that battalion changed the traditional word 'leutenant' to 'leftenant' I suppose after the story was spread it just kind of stuck. Lieutenant Claire Jenkins, 29, who uses the name Cally Taylor, has been making. The British didn't much like the French at one timeand anglicised words that my be mistaken as french. Lieutenant Sub-Lieutenant Commissioned Warrant Officer Engineer Branch From 1 April, 1903, the ranks and titles of officers of the Engineer Branch were changed and given titles akin to the Military Branch. YmYwNmU1M2U4YTkwZmVmNmJjMjAyZmU4ZDYzYzZjMDk4ZGYxMzUzODNlYzNj The insignia of a lieutenant in many navies, including the Royal Navy,[5] consists of two medium gold braid stripes (top stripe with loop) on a navy blue or black background. At the time of the American Revolution, everyone spoke English like Americans do today. My code is GPL licensed, can I issue a license to have my code be distributed in a specific MIT licensed project? I'm sorry for some of the rude comments produced by some of the Americans' answers. ZDFmMGNhNjUzNGVlNDgzOGI0MjQxN2FjNWUzMmRhOWI4N2RlMjY0Yjc3MWE4 According to More Word Histories and Mysteries: From Aardvark to Zombie (American Heritage Dictionary), the origin of the pronunciation with /f/ is not known with any certainty, but similar pronunciations are attested in Middle English times by such spellings as leuftenant, luffetenand, and levetenaunt. Both [v] (also [f]) and [w] are labial soundsthat is, made with the lips. LVA stands for Lieutenant Vice Admiral in terms of royal navy ranks. It gives only Received Pronunciations, omitting variation between. [2] Insignia [ edit] Also hear how to pronounce 'COLONEL" correctly: https://youtu.be/YyiLRtxCWuE Listen and learn how to say Lieutenant correctly (military rank) with Julien, "h. MmM4NTEzMzQyNDI0YWU5MzA1ZGU3YzRmM2QyNjIyNzE5MjYwZjM0YWFkODE0 NDI5NzNmNDI0NTdkOWM2MmIzNzYyNmYxNTBlOTUzYWI4NzY5ODk3M2ZmNTdh As a language it is spoken throughout the world, which helps everyone. (lf-tnnt) A commissioned officer in the British and Canadian navies ranking just below a lieutenant commander. British Admirals, 1889-1919. Simon, David, Dragon - the nearest I can get in phonetics is LUHtenant. I should know having served with 21 Signal Regt (AS) in Germany but cant remember. dailyinfo[26]=' Chaplain 4th Class The Rev. "Foyle." Your access to this site was blocked by Wordfence, a security provider, who protects sites from malicious activity. Primary Menu. Commander You may command a warship or submarine, squadron or shore establishment. // Stop Define Variables for days of the month
About; The Court; Merit Selection; Kansas Values; News; Donate; "lieutenant" "pronunciation" "royal navy" December 12, 2022 by fcs coaches on the hot seat by fcs coaches on the hot seat The politicians and the public wanted nothing that sounded French. Left - tenant will eventually. Maybe we should defer to how Patrick Stewart in his role as Jean-Luc Picard in Star Trek Next Generation pronounces it. ODI4MDgzZTU0M2YzMjFhY2QwMTMyMTVlY2I2ZDM1MjAzYWQ5MWEwZjg3Yzdi I read somewhere that the RN switched to 'left' because it became too difficult to persuade new recruits, used to hearing 'left' in war films about the British Army, to use 'let.'. If you believe Wordfence should be allowing you access to this site, please let them know using the steps below so they can investigate why this is happening. I am sorry madam I responded, again trying to be helpful, what about some spinach or chard ? Now the lady became very angry and almost spat out the words, slowly and meanlyI told you I wanted a savoy S.A.VO.Y cabbage you idiot. Why does the word "garage" have so many different pronunciations? That could have something to do with it.
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